<item><hi format=bold>Climate:</hi> tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October)
<item><hi format=bold>Terrain:</hi> mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in south-central interior
<item><hi format=bold>Natural resources:</hi> limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay
<item><hi format=bold>Land use:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>arable land:</hi> 16%
<item>• <hi format=ital>permanent crops:</hi> 17%
<item>• <hi format=ital>meadows and pastures:</hi> 7%
<item>• <hi format=ital>forest and woodland:</hi> 37%
<item>• <hi format=ital>other:</hi> 23%
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Irrigated land:</hi> 5,600 sq km (1989 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Environment:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>current issues:</hi> deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by poaching; coastal degradation from mining activities and increased pollution; freshwater resources being polluted by industrial wastes and sewage runoff
<item>• <hi format=ital>natural hazards:</hi> occasional cyclones and tornadoes
<item>• <hi format=ital>international agreements:</hi> party to—Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified—Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Note:</hi> strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes